pues esto es de 2020 (publicado en junio de 2021)
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444820902446
Propaganda through ‘reflexive control’ and the mediated construction of reality
el rollo va de esto:
online interactions and targeting which enable form of political intervention focused on the destabilisation of perceptions of reality and recruit users in the construction of new politically useful realities.
dice que esto de la propaganda no es nuevo, pero ahora tienen "turbo" gracias a internet
comenta los casos de trump 2016 y brexit, donde todo esto fue determinante:
The lying and denunciation of critics as ‘fake news’ by US President Donald Trump and the micro-targeted and deceptive social media advertising in the 2016 US presidential election and United Kingdom’s EU referendum brought the tenuous character of political reality to the fore
por supuesto, la movida, aunque conocida, ha sido subestimada:
What has so far been under-emphasised is the ways in which users are mobilised to varying degrees of awareness. Propaganda and disinformation campaigns require direct employment of workers to produce and disseminate content, which has always been the case, but the strategies prominent today also depend upon mobilisation of different categories of users and audiences (many unwittingly) both as producers and spreaders of content and as generators of data for profiling and targeting.
vale, como es de 2020, no habla de ia, pero en 2023 ya sí podíamos hablar de ia, así que gran parte de esos "cintaspamers" productores/difusores/perfiladores/focalizadores ya no son necesariamente "trabajadores" sino ia con perfiles determinados
el artículo consta de varias secciones
- Propaganda
- Reality construction
- ‘Steering’ online behaviour
- Reflexive control and agents of influence
Fully employed “agents of influence”’
Locally recruited ‘agents of influence’
Unwitting ‘agents of influence’
- Conclusion
en definitiva:
most of the reality construction can be seen in the everyday actions and interactions of people who are simply engaging in political and non-political discussion who nevertheless help to spread messages and produce psychographic profiles beneficial for viral manipulation of discourse and targeted advertising.
First, all the strategies mobilise the basic elements of sociality (as identified by Tarde) of imitation and invention and their role in enabling and directing flows of beliefs and desires. ... social media platforms have been especially effective in this due to the innovations which have enabled them to become so successful at profiling users, enabling their propensity to act as ‘receptors’, and encouraging sharing behaviours thus shaping them into effective ‘spreaders’
(aquí ya estás "controlado" por el dueño del foro o la plataforma que sea, que elegirá qué se ve y qué no de forma prioritaria y ni te enteras de que estás siendo "controlado")
Second, the kinds of influence which are being attempted can best be understood as a form of ‘reflexive control’, that is, using profiles of targets to direct messages which will destabilise their ‘filter’ and therefore their ability to make judgements in their own interests
Although ‘reflexive control’ is a Russian-developed approach to statecraft, it is not my position that all these examples have been directly enabled or encouraged by the Russian state (although in some cases they may have been), rather that the Russian approach to political influence is becoming increasingly significant in global politics
Today the kind of detailed profiles which were previously only obtainable through time-consuming and expensive research and spying can now be easily drawn off from social media profiles constructed from data freely given away by users. These profiles help to construct ‘brand like assemblages’ by enabling the positioning of users in relation to content (generated by themselves or others) and advertising based on analysis of their affective relationship
en fin, le echáis un vistazo si eso, aunque la mayor parte ya la hemos comentado a lo largo del hilo, no está mal tener un "paper" con el tema